Diasporic women, who have moved from their home countries to different parts of the world, often face unique challenges that can significantly impact their quality of life. These challenges stem from a combination of cultural, economic, social, and personal factors that interact in complex ways. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing policies and interventions that can improve the well-being of these women. This article provides a systematic review of the literature on the factors affecting the quality of life of diasporic women.

Introduction

In an increasingly globalized world, migration has become a common phenomenon. Among the migrant population, women constitute a significant proportion, often migrating for reasons such as economic opportunities, education, or as refugees. The term diasporic women refers to women who have settled in countries other than their own, forming part of a diaspora. These women face unique experiences and challenges that can affect their quality of life. Quality of life (QoL) is a multidimensional concept that includes physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, and relationship to salient features of the environment.

Objectives of the Review

The primary objective of this systematic review is to identify and analyze the various factors affecting the quality of life of diasporic women. This review aims to:

1. Identify the social, economic, cultural, and health-related factors influencing their QoL.
2. Understand the interplay of these factors in shaping the experiences of diasporic women.
3. Provide insights for policymakers and practitioners to improve support systems for these women.

Methodology

A systematic review methodology was adopted to gather and analyze relevant literature on the topic. The review process involved the following steps:

Literature Search

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search terms used were a combination of keywords such as "diasporic women," "quality of life," "migration," "well-being," "social integration," and "cultural adaptation."

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

The following criteria were established to select studies for inclusion in the review:

• Inclusion Criteria:

  • Studies published in English between 2000 and 2024.
  • Research focusing on diasporic women and their quality of life.
  • Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies.

• Exclusion Criteria:

  • Studies not specifically addressing diasporic women.
  • Articles that did not focus on quality of life.
  • Opinion pieces, commentaries, and non-peer-reviewed articles.

Data Extraction and Analysis

Data were extracted from the selected studies using a structured data extraction form. The extracted data included information on study design, sample characteristics, key findings, and identified factors affecting the quality of life. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize the findings and identify recurring themes and patterns across the studies.

Key Findings

The systematic review identified several factors affecting the quality of life of diasporic women. These factors were categorized into five main themes: social integration, economic stability, cultural adaptation, health and well-being, and personal agency.

1. Social Integration

Social integration emerged as a critical factor influencing the quality of life for diasporic women. Social networks, community support, and the ability to form meaningful relationships in the host country play a significant role in their overall well-being.

• Social Support: Access to social support from family, friends, and community groups can alleviate stress and enhance coping mechanisms. Studies indicate that women with robust support networks experience higher levels of life satisfaction and reduced feelings of isolation.

• Discrimination and Prejudice: Experiences of discrimination and racial prejudice negatively impact the quality of life for diasporic women. Such experiences can lead to social exclusion, affecting mental health and hindering integration efforts.

• Language Barriers: Language proficiency is a vital component of social integration. Women who face language barriers often encounter difficulties in accessing services, finding employment, and forming social connections, leading to reduced quality of life.

2. Economic Stability

Economic stability is another crucial factor impacting the quality of life of diasporic women. Economic opportunities and financial independence can significantly influence their well-being and integration into the host society.

• Employment Opportunities: Access to gainful employment not only provides financial security but also enhances self-esteem and social status. However, diasporic women often face challenges such as labor market discrimination, underemployment, and exploitation, which can undermine their economic stability.

• Financial Security: Financial insecurity is a significant stressor for many diasporic women, particularly those with dependents. Studies show that economic hardships can lead to compromised health, increased anxiety, and a diminished quality of life.

3. Cultural Adaptation

Cultural adaptation is a complex process that affects the quality of life of diasporic women. It involves navigating cultural differences and finding a balance between preserving one’s cultural identity and assimilating into the host culture.

• Cultural Identity: Maintaining a sense of cultural identity can be both a source of strength and a challenge. While cultural ties provide comfort and community, they can also lead to conflicts when adapting to new societal norms and expectations.

• Acculturation Stress: The stress associated with adjusting to a new culture, known as acculturation stress, can impact mental health and overall well-being. Women who struggle with acculturation often experience feelings of anxiety, depression, and cultural dissonance.

• Intergenerational Conflicts: For diasporic women with children, intergenerational conflicts may arise when balancing traditional cultural values with those of the host society. These conflicts can affect family dynamics and the overall quality of life.

4. Health and Well-being

Health and well-being are integral components of the quality of life for diasporic women. Access to healthcare services and overall health status significantly influence their well-being.

• Access to Healthcare: Access to healthcare services, including reproductive health, mental health support, and preventive care, is crucial for diasporic women. However, barriers such as language, cultural insensitivity, and lack of insurance often hinder their access to necessary care.

• Mental Health: Mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and trauma, are prevalent among diasporic women. These issues are often exacerbated by factors such as social isolation, economic stress, and experiences of discrimination.

• Physical Health: Physical health concerns, including chronic illnesses and access to nutritional resources, also play a role in determining the quality of life for these women. Studies highlight the need for targeted health interventions to address these challenges.

5. Personal Agency

Personal agency, defined as the capacity to make choices and exert control over one’s life, is a significant factor affecting the quality of life of diasporic women.

• Empowerment: Empowerment and self-efficacy contribute to improved well-being and resilience. Women who perceive themselves as empowered are more likely to navigate challenges effectively and pursue opportunities for personal growth.

• Education and Skills Development: Access to education and skill development programs can enhance personal agency, leading to better employment prospects and increased self-confidence. Educational attainment is often linked to improved quality of life outcomes.

• Legal Status: Legal status, including citizenship or residency rights, can significantly impact personal agency and quality of life. Women without legal status face heightened vulnerabilities, including exploitation and limited access to essential services.

Discussion

The findings of this systematic review underscore the multifaceted nature of factors affecting the quality of life of diasporic women. These factors are interconnected and often intersect in ways that compound challenges and opportunities for these women.

Intersectionality and Complexity

The intersectionality of social, economic, cultural, and health-related factors creates a complex landscape that shapes the experiences of diasporic women. For instance, economic instability can exacerbate health issues, while social exclusion can hinder cultural adaptation. Understanding these intersections is crucial for developing comprehensive policies and interventions.

Implications for Policy and Practice

The insights from this review have significant implications for policymakers, practitioners, and community organizations working to support diasporic women. Key recommendations include:

• Enhancing Social Support Systems: Developing community-based support networks and programs that promote social integration and inclusion can improve the quality of life for diasporic women.

• Promoting Economic Opportunities: Policies that facilitate access to employment, fair wages, and financial literacy programs can enhance economic stability and empowerment for diasporic women.

• Facilitating Cultural Adaptation: Providing cultural orientation programs and language training can help diasporic women navigate cultural differences and reduce acculturation stress.

• Improving Healthcare Access: Ensuring culturally sensitive and accessible healthcare services can address the physical and mental health needs of diasporic women, contributing to their overall well-being.

• Empowering Personal Agency: Initiatives that focus on education, skills development, and legal rights can empower diasporic women, enabling them to take control of their lives and improve their quality of life.

Conclusion

The systematic review highlights the diverse and interconnected factors affecting the quality of life of diasporic women. Addressing these factors requires a holistic approach that considers the complex realities faced by these women. By understanding and addressing these challenges, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and supportive environment that enhances the well-being and quality of life for diasporic women globally.