How Can Common Blood Pressure Medications Increase the Risk

Introduction

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is one of the most widespread health concerns globally. Millions of patients rely on medications daily to control their blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risks. However, recent research suggests that certain blood pressure drugs — especially hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a commonly prescribed diuretic — may increase the risk of developing different types of **skin cancer**. This finding has raised important questions about patient safety, sun exposure, and long-term medication use.

The Connection Between Blood Pressure Drugs and Skin Cancer

Researchers have found that hydrochlorothiazide has photosensitizing propertie, meaning it makes the skin more sensitive to sunlight. When skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation reacts strongly, and DNA damage can occur more easily, leading to a higher likelihood of skin cancers such as

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Malignant Melanoma

What Studies Reveal

1. Australian Study (UNSW Sydney)

A study published in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology highlighted that long-term hydrochlorothiazide use was linked with higher rates of melanoma and lip cancer among older adults.

Source: [The News International](https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1340179-common-blood-pressure-medication-linked-to-increased-skin-cancer-risk-study-finds)

2. Dutch Cohort Study (PharmLines Initiative)

Research published on NCBI PMC reported that very high cumulative doses of hydrochlorothiazide (over 125,000 mg) were associated with a five- to nineteen-fold increase in skin cancer risk.

Source: [NCBI PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10108616/)

3. Global Meta-Analysis

A large meta-analysis involving over 43 million participants confirmed a dose-dependent relationship between thiazide diuretics (like hydrochlorothiazide) and different skin cancers.

Source: [Journal of Investigative Dermatology Innovations](https://www.jidinnovations.org/article/S2667-0267%2824%2900019-5/fulltext)

Should Patients Stop Taking Their Medication?

No. Doctors stress that patients must not discontinue blood pressure medicines on their own because uncontrolled hypertension can be life-threatening. Instead.

Discuss concerns with your physician.

Consider alternative medications if your risk is high.

Follow strong sun safety habits (sunscreen, protective clothing, avoiding peak sun).

Schedule regular skin checks with a dermatologist.

FAQs

Q1: Which blood pressure drug is most linked to skin cancer?

Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, shows the strongest evidence of increased risk.

Q2: Does every blood pressure medication increase skin cancer risk?

No. The risk is mainly tied to thiazide diuretics. Other antihypertensives (like beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors) have not shown strong associations.

Q3: Should patients stop taking hydrochlorothiazide immediately?

No. Stopping suddenly can raise blood pressure dangerously. Always consult your doctor before making changes.

Q4: How can patients reduce risk if they use hydrochlorothiazide?

Use sunscreen daily, wear protective clothing, avoid peak UV hours, and get skin checks regularly.

Q5: Is this risk higher for fair-skinned individuals?

Yes. People with lighter skin, higher sun exposure, or a family history of skin cancer are at greater risk.

Conclusion

While hydrochlorothiazide remains an effective and widely used blood pressure medication, evidence shows that long-term, high-dose use may increase the risk of skin cancer, particularly in sun-exposed populations. Patients should not panic or discontinue treatment without medical advice, but they should take preventive steps and consult healthcare providers about risks and alternatives. Striking a balance between managing hypertension and protecting

skin health is essential for long-term well-being.